ruin

[ˈruːɪn]
  • 释义
  • v.

    毁坏;破坏;使破产;

  • n.

    毁坏;破产;祸根;废墟,残余部分;

  • 词义辨析
  • ruin, break, demolish, destroy
  • 这组词都含有“破坏”“毁坏”“消灭”的意思。它们的区别在于:
    1.destroy和ruin这两个词所表示的“毁坏”都含有“彻底”的意味,有时可互换。destroy强调“彻底性”; ruin强调不可修复。例如:
    The rain has ruined〔destroyed〕 the crops.这雨把庄稼全毁了。
    2.break, destroy和demolish的主语可以是人,也可以是事物; 而ruin的主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。例如:
    The windshield broke but did not shatter.挡风玻璃裂了,但没有碎。
    All the intruders were destroyed.所有的入侵者都被歼灭了。
    That street was demolished a few years ago.那条街于几年前拆除了。
    She has a very real grievance against the hospital since the operation which ruined her health.自从她做过手术后,健康状况变坏,所以她确实对医院有怨言。
    3.break的宾语可以是有形物,也可以是非物质性的事物; destroy和demolish用于具体事物可指“高楼大厦”等; 用于抽象事物时destroy指“名誉”“声望”等, demolish则指某人的论点、论据等。ruin的宾语则多是美好珍贵的事物。例如:
    His mother's heart will break if he leaves her.如果他离开母亲,她的心会碎的。
    All his hopes were now destroyed.他的一切希望现在都破灭了。
    We have demolished all her arguments and she has nothing more to say.我们推翻了她所有的论点,她无言以对。
    The manuscript was ruined by long exposure in the cold damp cellar.手稿在地下室因长期受阴冷潮湿的破坏而无法辨认了。
    4.break可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词; destroy和demolish只用作及物动词; 而ruin多用作及物动词,偶尔可用作不及物动词。例如:
    She broke a vase uncarefully.她不小心打破了一只花瓶。
    The cup broke when it fell on the floor.茶杯掉到地上摔破了。
    The mad dog ought to be destroyed.这只疯狗应该杀死。
    They are going to demolish that old factory.他们准备拆毁那家旧工厂。
    I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man!我被那场官司搞垮了,现在已经倾家荡产!
  • ruin, damage, demolish, spoil
  • 这组词都有“破坏,毁坏”的意思。它们的区别是:
    1.damage一般指“部分的破坏”,通常作“损坏”解,意味着损坏后价值减少或作用减小,有时可用于借喻中。
    2.demolish是正式用语,指由于巨大外力或急速、猛烈的动作而造成的破坏,其破坏力甚至达到粉碎的程度,往往只剩下一堆废墟或残骸。例如:
    Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.必须拆毁许多建筑物才能修建新公路。
    The car was demolished in a collision.汽车撞坏了。
    3.ruin指把某件东西损害到不能再修理或使用的程度。现在多用于借喻中。例如:
    Your plans for a party will be ruined if you get sick.如果你病了,你的聚会计划就毁了。
    Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.蛀虫在很好的毛衣上咬了许多洞,把衣服给毁了。
    4.spoil一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤,基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观,一般含有不可弥补的意味,作不及物动词用,表示(食物)变坏,腐烂变质等。例如:
    Too much pepper spoiled the soup she was making for supper.她在晚餐所做的汤里放了过多的胡椒,破坏了汤的味道。
  • break,destroy,ruin,wreck,damage,spoil
  • 这些动词均有“破坏,损坏”之意。
    break普通用词,指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏,可指有形或无形的破坏。
    destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再修复的意味。
    ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的彻底性,也可用于引申意义。
    wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏,也可指计划、健康受到损害。
    damage多指对无生命物体的损害,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
    spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值,而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
  • 双语例句
  • 1、

    The bad weather ruined our trip.

    天气恶劣,破坏了我们的旅行。

    ——《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
  • 2、

    The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.

    农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。

    ——柯林斯例句
  • 3、

    Entire villages have been washed away. Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops ruined.

    这些村庄全部都被冲走了。道路和桥梁都被破坏了,农作物也全毁了。

    柯林斯例句
  • 4、

    Within Germany, the city of Berlin lay in ruins.

    在德国,柏林市已经满目疮痍。

    柯林斯例句
  • 5、

    She accused him of ruining her financially with his taste for the high life.

    她指责他为了追求奢华的生活致使她倾家荡产。

    柯林斯例句
  • 6、

    There's only the mountain in this direction, and higher up an old ruin, an abandoned castle.

    从这个方向望去只看得到这座山,以及更高处的一处废墟,一座废弃的城堡。

    柯林斯例句
  • 7、

    He stood very still, staring in at the ruins of his work.

    他站在那里一动也不动,呆呆地看着他残余的作品。

    柯林斯例句
  • 8、

    This illness has ruined my life.

    这个病毁掉了我的生活。

    朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版
  • 9、

    The abbey was in ruins...

    这个修道院已经成了一片废墟。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 10、

    The old mill is now little more than a ruin.

    老磨坊现在只剩下一点残垣断壁了。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 11、

    The divorce ultimately led to his ruin.

    离婚最终使得他一贫如洗。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 12、

    This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins.

    这个国家曾一度为其教育体系感到自豪。但现在它似乎已经千疮百孔了。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 13、

    My new shoes got ruined in the mud.

    我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 14、

    If she loses the court case it will ruin her.

    如果败诉,她就完了。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 15、

    The new Turkish republic he helped to build emerged from the ruins of a great empire...

    他帮助建立起的新土耳其共和国是从一个伟大帝国的废墟上发展起来的。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 16、

    Its heavily-subsidized economy is in ruins...

    其靠资助维持的经济已经完全崩溃了。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 17、

    The scandal left his reputation in ruins.

    这件丑闻使他身败名裂。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 18、

    (figurative)He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.

    他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 19、

    My wife was ruining her health through worry...

    忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 20、

    She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin.

    她不会让她的计划破产的。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 21、

    We visited the ruins of a Norman castle.

    我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 22、

    The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin .

    银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 23、

    One dead child was found in the ruins almost two hours after the explosion...

    爆炸发生将近两个小时以后,在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 24、

    The country was ruined by the war.

    这个国家因战争而遭到严重破坏。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 25、

    The vineyards were falling into ruin...

    这些葡萄园日渐没落。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典
  • 26、

    That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.

    正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 27、

    A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.

    革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 28、

    Gambling was his ruin.

    赌博毁了他。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典
  • 29、

    His career would be ruined.

    他的事业将被毁掉。

    朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版
  • 30、

    Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.

    经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。

    牛津高阶英汉双解词典